Home-use fire extinguishers are key safety gear, especially over the holidays

With Thanksgiving, Hanukkah, Christmas, Kwanzaa, and New Year's upon us, the risk of a fire at your home could be higher since you're likely to be cooking more, using holiday lighting (especially on Christmas trees and the like), and perhaps even burning candles more frequently.

The best way to avoid fires is to be safe; check out our safety advice for the kitchen, holiday lights, and candles. Still, you should have fire extinguishers on hand, keeping one each in the kitchen, garage, workshop, basement, and on every living area of the home—and have one nearby when grilling or deep-frying a turkey. "Keep extinguishers readily accessible so you don't waste valuable seconds rummaging around when a fire breaks out," says John Drengenberg, director of consumer affairs for Underwriters Laboratories, which conducts compliance tests of fire extinguishers.

While it might be convenient to keep a fire extinguisher under a kitchen sink, for example, manufacturers recommend you mount extinguishers in their bracket—in a convenient location and in plain sight—3.5 to 5 feet above the ground so they're out of the reach of small children.

You also need to know how to properly use your extinguishers. "When a fire breaks out is not the time to read the instructions on the extinguisher," adds Drengenberg. When you bring the extinguishers home, read the owner's manual to familiarize yourself with their operation and register them with the manufacturer so you're aware of any product updates or recalls.

(We’re currently testing various sizes of rechargeable and nonrechargeable fire extinguishers from brands like First Alert and Kidde for a report scheduled to appear in the May 2010 issue of Consumer Reports, online and on newsstands in early April. Stay tuned for preliminary reports of our findings, including our experience with First Alert’s Tundra, an aerosol spray classified as a firefighting tool as it is not tested to the ANSI/UL711 standards that apply to home-use extinguishers.)

Buy only extinguishers that have been listed or certified by a nationally recognized testing laboratory, such as UL, ETL, CSA, and FM Approvals. You'll notice letters on the extinguishers, which indicate the type(s) of fires they can handle. Class A are designed to put out rubbish, wood, and paper fires; Class B are for oil and grease fires; and Class C are for electrical fires. Class ABC models work on all the fires above.

For the home, Drengenberg recommends Class ABC extinguishers, since you won't necessarily have time to analyze the source of a fire. Our in-house experts recommend that you buy the largest fire extinguishers you can comfortably handle, since they'll give you a longer operating time. To increase your chances of successfully and safely extinguishing a fire, use the PASS—pull, aim, squeeze, sweep—technique and watch this video from the Fire Equipment Manufacturers' Association:

• Pull the pin, hold the extinguisher away from you, and release the locking mechanism.
• Aim low, pointing the extinguisher at the base of the fire.
• Squeeze the lever slowly and evenly.
• Sweep the nozzle from side to side.

"Also, be sure the fire is not between you and the door—you want to leave yourself a way to get out," says Drengenberg, who says you need to be aware of an extinguisher's limits. "Fire extinguishers, especially smaller ones, have a limited amount of extinguishing agent and are meant for fires that are small and contained, such as those in a wastebasket or frying pan. If you're faced with a fire that is spreading rapidly, your job is to get people out and call 911." (If you're faced with a small flare-up in a pan or a pot, turn off the cooking element and cover the flames immediately with the lid, which eliminates a source of oxygen a fire needs.)

Like smoke alarms and carbon-monoxide alarms, which you should replace every 10 years and every five years, respectively, fire extinguishers have a limited service life. Replace home-use nonrechargeable fire extinguishers 12 years after the manufacture date, according to the National Fire Prevention Association. If you're unsure whether your extinguishers are rechargeable, check the owner's manual or the pressure gauge. On most extinguishers, a needle on the pressure gauge will sit in a green-colored part of the dial of if the unit is properly charged and to red-colored areas if it needs to be recharged or is overcharged.

To determine whether extinguishers are properly charged, inspect them every 30 days and as detailed in the owner's manual. If you need to charge rechargeable models, bring it only to a certified fire-equipment-maintenance company.—Gian Trotta | e-mail | Twitter | Forums | Facebook

Essential information: Check out the ratings of smoke alarms and CO alarms including where to place them in your home. If you want to carry a fire extinguisher as part of a roadside-emergency kit, our Cars blog colleagues recommend a 1A10BC or a 2A10BC compact model. Finally, learn how to treat burns and scalds.

Learn more about the Amish heater and EdenPure space heater

The calendar indicates that heating season is  upon us, but the Home & Garden blog team doesn't need to look at a thermometer or watch the Weather Channel to know it's starting to get colder here in the New York City metro area and elsewhere around the country.

Nope, all we've got to do is look at the traffic to and comments about heating appliances on the Home & Garden blog and ConsumerReports.org. Specifically, readers are looking for information about the Heat Surge Roll-n-Glow Electric Fireplace (aka the Amish heater), EdenPure space heaters, and pellet stoves.

• If you're considering the Heat Surge appliance, read our review of the Amish heater as well as our post about some consumer complaints to the Better Business Bureau. And remember, although Heat Surge claims its heaters will help you save on your heating bills, the only way to do so is to employ zone heating. (Note: According to a customer-service representative at Heat Surge, heaters made in 2009 were updated with a stronger blower and other changes affecting heat distribution. The company also says it plans to add a thermostat on future versions, possibly in 2010. The model we purchased and reviewed early this year might have incorporated some or all of the updates.)

• If you're pondering buying an EdenPure space heater, read "Are EdenPure Space Heaters Just a Lot of Hot Air?"
 
• If a pellet stove seems like a viable heating option, learn more about these appliances in our October 2009 report and our previous buyer's guide to pellet- and wood-burning stoves.

Essential information: "Don't Let Energy Savings Go Up and Out the Chimney" covers proven ways to save energy during heating season. And learn about space heaters, programmable thermostats, and weatherizing your attic. If you're in the market for new heating equipment, get up to speed on the $300 million State Energy Efficient Appliance Rebate Program, aka cash for clunkers for appliances.

Some celeb chef kitchen knives, like those from Paula and Martha, don't make the cut

You might enjoy watching the many celebrity chefs who perform culinary magic (and, sometimes, mayhem) on TV, but based on the results of our tests of kitchen knives, you might be better off learning a technique or a new recipe from them than buying the kitchen knives that bear their names.

The video (right) details why knife sets from Paula Deen and Martha Stewart are near the bottom of our ratings of more than four dozen different sets of kitchen knives (available to subscribers) and those from Rachael Ray and the Culinary Institute of America might not be a sharp buy. If you're in the market for new knives as Thanksgiving and the other end-of-year holidays approach—they make a great gift, by the way—read our June 2009 report on kitchen knives and get some of the details of our testing below.

During testing, our technicians chopped carrots, onions, and celery into 1/3-inch cubes with chef and santoku knives and peeled potatoes and apples to see which paring knife can produce the thinnest peelings.

The testers also wielded the slicing knives and santokus against ham, tough-skinned soppressata, and tender, stringy pot roast to see which had the sharpness and control to produce thin slices, and used utility knives on raw sausage, peppers, and onions. (If just the thought of onions brings tears to your eyes, consider investing in these RSVP Onion Goggles.) Beyond cutting performance, the overall scores consider handle comfort and susceptibility to corrosion, among other factors.

So which knives should you buy? The Tramontina Professional L-400/03, $90; Oxo Good Grip Professional, $80; Chicago Cutlery Metropolitan, $60; and Chicago Cutlery Walnut Tradition, $60, performed quite well and don't cost a lot. Spending more will get you even better-performing set of set of forged-steel knives, such as the Henckels Twin Professional "S," $290; Wuesthof Trident Classic #8418, $300, and Mercer Genesis by Mercer M0 30768, $170.—Gian Trotta | e-mail | Twitter | Forums | Facebook

Essential information: Get a jump on planning for Thanksgiving and watch our video on sharpening your knives.

Weekend Project: Plan ahead for the Thanksgiving holiday

With Thanksgiving just over a week away, this weekend my wife and I will put the finishing touches on plans for our holiday gathering. We'll check on the wines in the wine cellar and clean the stemware, add the extra leaves to the dining-room table, get the house in order for the big day, and take care of a few other odds and ends.

When it comes to the holiday meal itself, I'm a pretty traditional guy, but this year I'm going to change things up a bit. Since one of my kids has become a "fishetarian"—that is, she eschews beef, chicken, and turkey but eats fish—I'll make a poached-salmon dish to accompany the turkey instead of a rib roast. And I'm considering grilling the bird outdoors instead of roasting it in the oven. Even though I have double ovens, I'd like to free up some cooking space for the array of side dishes I'll prepare.

Turns out I'm not alone when it comes to not oven-roasting the bird. According to a recent poll by the Hearth, Patio & Barbecue Association, more than 70 percent of respondents said they won't use the oven to cook their turkey: 18 percent plan to grill, 25 percent expect to smoke, and 28 percent intend to deep-fry. (Americans are expected to cook 46 million turkeys this year.)

These alternative cooking methods appeal for a number of reasons, says a National Turkey Federation survey. Fifty-four percent of respondents are looking to try something new; 54 percent think grilling, smoking, or frying produces a more-tender or juicier turkey; 53 percent want to free up oven space; and 52 percent envision easier cleanup. This last one sounds like another compelling reason to grill the turkey.

Here's hoping your Thanksgiving is a joyous occasion. The advice here might help with the planning and take some of the stress out of your day:

• If you need a new grill to cook your turkey, check out our free buyer's guide to gas grills.

• If you want to smoke your bird, take a look at the Traeger Lil' Tex BBQ070 pellet-fueled cooker.

• If you're considering deep-frying a turkey, don't miss "A Safer Way to Fry a Turkey" and watch the accompanying video for important safety advice. You can also "deep-fry" your turkey without oil.

• If you need some basic wine advice for the holiday, read about the right wines to serve.

• And if your knives have seen better days, read our ratings-based report on kitchen knives.—Steven H. Saltzman | e-mail | Twitter | Forums | Facebook

More turkey talk: • Time- and money-saving steps for a better Thanksgiving • Holiday eating without the guilt • Turkey tips for Thanksgiving and beyond • Lab-tested turkey advice • Learn how to sharpen your knives (video) • Find an accurate meat thermometer

Essential information: Stay on top of the news surrounding Black Friday by reading Tightwad Tod on our Money blog.

Product Preview: Toro Power Clear 180 gas-powered snow blower

If you're in the market for a new snow blower—perhaps one tested for our October 2009 report on snow blowers (like our full ratings, available to subscribers)—you probably don't want to wait too long to buy one. One morning soon enough you'll wake up to find your driveway and walks blanketed by a thick layer of snow that needs removal. Just ask the folks in Colorado who were recently greeted by a major snowstorm.

At the 2009 Green Industry and Equipment Expo, outdoor-power-equipment makers announced many new electric- and gas-powered snow blowers, one of which in particular caught my eye: the Toro Power Clear 180 (shown), which costs about $400 and is sold at Toro dealers and some Home Depot stores. The 180 is one of several Power Clear models Toro announced, and we hope to provide our first impressions of it soon.

The single-stage, gas-powered Toro Power Clear 180 replaces the Toro CCR Powerlite 38182, which we had judged a Don't Buy: Safety Risk because it and the similar 38172 lacked a key safety feature, a handlebar control to stop the auger when released. The Power Clear has a bail that stops the engine as per a voluntary industry safety standard, and releasing it should eliminate the safety risk associated with the 38182/38172. (The company has discontinued the 38182 and 38172, though they might still be available through some online retailers and on eBay.)

The Power Clear 180 has some other enhancements over the 38182/38172. It's powered by a four-cycle overhead-valve engine and provides an 18-inch clearing width, 2 inches wider than that of the 38182/38172. As with other single-stage snow blowers, the design of the Power Clear keeps the blades in contact with the ground, propelling the unit, and this model has a locking deflector on the chute, which means the snow leaving the chute stays at the set height. Finally, both the chute and handle on the Power Clear fold down for easier storage.—Ed Perratore | e-mail | Twitter | Forums | Facebook

Essential information: Check out our free buyer's guide to snow blowers for more details. And to find the right model for your home, use our interactive feature "Snow Blowers: Which Is Right for You?"

Buzzword: Recalibration

What it means. Calibration is typically associated with things like measuring instruments and electronics gear, which need to be tweaked for optimal performance. And President Barack Obama got into the calibration game after he reviewed his initial response to the July 2009 arrest of Harvard professor Henry Louis Gates Jr., saying, "I could have calibrated those words differently." When it comes to the U.S. economy and consumers, the key phrase these days is recalibration.

"We're in a state of recalibration," says Edward Farrell, a director of the Consumer Reports National Research Center, which produces the monthly Consumer Reports Index, the latest installment of which came out this week. His observation came after several months of uninspiring consumer sentiment in the CRI, a monthly telephone poll of a nationally representative sample of American adults.

Why the buzz? While green shoots might hint at a stabilizing economy, a full recovery hasn't arrived yet, and during this time of recalibration, American consumers have adjusted to that new economic by changing how they spend. "We've seen a loss of confidence by consumers in the old rules, for example, that they'll have more money in their house 10 years from now or that their 401(k) will help carry them through retirement," says Farrell.

Paco Underhill, retail consultant and author of Why We Buy: The Science of Shopping, agrees. "We are never going back to the we way were," he says. "Americans have had a considerable financial shock. Virtually everybody has traded down, and conspicuous consumption is now viewed as bad manners."

None of this bodes well for holiday sales. But neither Farrell nor Underhill is predicting a bloodbath from now through Black Friday and beyond. "A rally might actually be under way for retail heading into the holidays, with personal electronics leading the charge," says Farrell. He notes that according to the latest CRI, a quarter of consumers plan to buy personal electronics this month, up 5 percentage points from October.

Underhill anticipates healthy sales for comfort gifts, such as food baskets, fine wines, and beauty products. "I think this holiday season will be better than many retail pundits are predicting because people want to show compassion in troubled times." For his own gifts, Underhill says, "When people ask me what I want, I tell them one pair of black cashmere socks. They are warm, they are eminently practical, and I wouldn't buy them for myself because they're expensive. But for $20, it's the ultimate answer of what to get an aging male."

Farrell would like to see continued stability in the Consumer Reports Sentiment Index, which captures respondents' attitudes regarding their financial situation. "Yes, we want people to spend and save responsibly," he says. "But we also need there to be a feeling of optimism."

Without that, instead of talking about recalibration we could be discussing a lost decade. Also check out our growing roster of Buzzwords.—Daniel DiClerico | e-mail | Twitter | Forums | Facebook

Essential information: Follow all the news related to holiday shopping by following Tightwad Tod on our Money blog.

Video buyer's guide to string trimmers

String trimmers are ideal for dealing with grass, weeds, and brush in areas your mower or tractor can't reach, keeping your property tidy and eliminating inviting homes for insects, rodents, and other critters.

If you're in the market for a new string trimmer for next spring or for the last bit of yard work you'll do this fall, check out our free buyer's guide (ratings available to subscribers) and watch the video from our recent tests of string trimmers (right).

The video features advice from Peter Sawchuk, a senior project leader in our Tech department and our go-to guy for testing outdoor power equipment, who discusses the basic types of trimmers and the pros and cons of straight and curved shafts.

Sit down longer with Peter as I get to do, however, and you can get additional details that can make a big difference in how much time you spend on your trimming chores. Take two- and four-cycle. Four-cycle engines are touted as cleaner (less smoke) and more convenient (no need to mix of oil and gas) than two-cycle engines. But results from the four such trimmers we tested demonstrate that four-cycle technology in string trimmers isn't the panacea you might think.

Another consideration relates to the head housing the monofilament line, which does the actual trimming. Fixed-head units use two or more precut pieces of line. Bump-feed models let out line when you bump the head to the ground. And automatic models release more line by themselves when needed.

As part of our Spring 2010 report on string trimmers, we'll look at models whose very designs tend to wear out line sooner than you might expect, others whose manufacturers have learned how to keep tall growth from wrapping around the shaft, and one that couldn't seem to keep its head together.—Ed Perratore | e-mail | Twitter | Forums | Facebook

Essential information: Check out our "Fall Lawn and Yard Checklist" for details on tending to all facets of your property, and keep your power equipment in shape with our "End-of-Season Lawn-Equipment Guide." You'll find other tips on our Fall Cleanup Guide page.

Weekend Project: The best ways to deal with leaves

Whether your yard is covered with leaves or you're still waiting for them to carpet your property, you're probably looking for the easiest, most-effective way to deal with fall cleanup. As you'll see in The Great Rake-Off: Man vs. Machine video, using a leaf blower can provide faster, more-efficient leaf-wrangling than raking.

To help you find the right leaf blower for your needs, check out our free buyer's guide and watch our new video buyer's guide to this outdoor power equipment (right), which details the pros and cons of the four major blower types and the features to look for.

Corded electric models have their upsides—they tend to be lighter and quieter than gas-powered models and don't produce emissions at the point of use their own—and the best electric blowers can rival gas machines in performance. But as Senior Ed Perratore knows all too well, the power cord can limit your mobility. Ed traded up to a handheld gas-powered model, but since he's got a bum shoulder, he's considering a backpack blower, which distributes the weight more evenly than a handheld.

No matter which kind of blower you use, nozzle type is key. Our tests have shown that a round, reduced opening is better for cleaning embedded lawn debris and that a wider, flat opening works better when moving large leaf piles.

A final tip: If you do go the raking route, follow this expert advice to avoid injury and minimize soreness.—Gian Trotta | e-mail | Twitter | Forums | Facebook

Essential information: Check out our "Fall Lawn and Yard Checklist" for details on tending to all facets of your property, and keep your power equipment in shape with our "End-of-Season Lawn-Equipment Guide." You'll find other tips on our Fall Cleanup Guide page.

Save money by replacing incandescent holiday lights with LED versions

If your holiday lights have seen better days, you might want to replace incandescent versions with more-efficient and more-durable LED lights.

Our tests of mini, C7, and C9 holiday lights showed that while incandescent versions did burn more brightly than LEDs, the LEDs were much more durable, ran cooler and posed a lower fire risk, and cost less to operate. While the initial cost of LEDs is higher than that of incandescents, we found that LEDs used 1 to 3 kilowatt hours of energy compared with 12 to 105 kWh for incandescents, generating savings of $1 to $11. Watch the video for more details.

Home Depot is offering an added incentive to trade in your played-out strings. For each string of used or broken incandescent holiday lights you turn in through November 15, Home Depot will give you $3 off any new LED lights you buy. The retailer says it will recycle any lights you turn in.

Remember, LED lights are not foolproof, as evidenced by this March 2009 recall issued by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. The lights presented a fire hazard and lacked an easily verifiable label from Underwriters Laboratories or any other recognized testing laboratory indicating that the product had met all safety and construction standards. To keep things safe at your home, follow these precautions for holiday lights:

• Buy only products certified by a recognized testing laboratory, including UL, ETL, or CSA. For UL-listed products, look for the silver- or gold-foil UL label on the cord itself. Labels with the green holographic UL logo indicate the lights are for indoor use only, while those with the red holographic UL logo can be used indoors and out.

• Before you hang them, inspect light strings carefully for loose connections, bare or frayed wires, missing bulbs, and cracked sockets.

• Don't use indoor string lights for more than a 90-day season without inspecting. Don't use outdoor lights for more than three holiday seasons.

• Don't connect more than three strings of push-in bulbs or up to 50 screw-in bulbs together. There are no specific limitations for LED light strings.

• Since the lights' electrical cords might contain lead, refrain from eating while hanging lights and wash your hands after handling them.—Gian Trotta | e-mail | Twitter | Forums | Facebook

Essential information: Save money on lighting elsewhere in your house by using Energy Star-qualified compact fluorescent lightbulbs. Read our latest report on CFLs and check out the ratings of these energy-saving bulbs (available to subscribers).

Ethics schmethics. For lawn-tractor care, it's a matter of scheduling

The latest installment of Randy Cohen's The Ethicist column in The New York Times Magazine featured the following question, under the headline "Waiting for the Lawn Tractor":

"The shop that services my lawn tractor told me to expect its return in a week. I want it back sooner and am considering giving the workers an up-front cash bonus to put my tractor at the head of the line. But this feels worryingly like covert bribery. Other customers wouldn't know about it nor could they bid against me with higher bonuses. Is such a payment ethical?"
 
Cohen replied that the notion of giving a bonus is "fishy" because the shop's workers would be "cheating their boss by undermining the shop's first-come, first-served policy for their personal gain, and you'll all be cheating honest, patient customers." In the end, reported Cohen, the question asker, from Pennsylvania, didn't offer up any cash for priority service.
 
Seems like a reasonable outcome, but I'll leave it up to you to decide for yourself on the ethics of the matter. The crux of the issue seems to be scheduling. Instead of bringing your gear in for routine service during a busy season, wait until a time when the shop is more likely to be quiet. I usually bring my mower and leaf blower in for routine service in early winter when the local shop is quieter. So don't hold off until next spring to get your outdoor power equipment serviced.
 
Now if the question asker's tractor suffered a sudden problem and he needed it fixed ASAP even this late in the season, it's understandable that he'd want it back with little delay. But given the likelihood that the shop is crowded with ailing equipment from landscaping pros trying to finish off their fall jobs, the consumer couldn't have expected priority service, bribe or no bribe. My advice: Borrow a tractor or mower from a neighbor or rent one, or hire a local landscaper to do the work.
 
Of course, the other key piece of advice here is to keep your equipment in tiptop shape. So follow our end-of-season maintenance tips for your mower or tractor and this start-of-season help for tractors.—Steven H. Saltzman | e-mail | Twitter | Forums | Facebook
 
Essential information: Make easier work of fall cleanup and read up on the latest mowers and tractors.