Home-use fire extinguishers are key safety gear, especially over the holidays

With Thanksgiving, Hanukkah, Christmas, Kwanzaa, and New Year's upon us, the risk of a fire at your home could be higher since you're likely to be cooking more, using holiday lighting (especially on Christmas trees and the like), and perhaps even burning candles more frequently.

The best way to avoid fires is to be safe; check out our safety advice for the kitchen, holiday lights, and candles. Still, you should have fire extinguishers on hand, keeping one each in the kitchen, garage, workshop, basement, and on every living area of the home—and have one nearby when grilling or deep-frying a turkey. "Keep extinguishers readily accessible so you don't waste valuable seconds rummaging around when a fire breaks out," says John Drengenberg, director of consumer affairs for Underwriters Laboratories, which conducts compliance tests of fire extinguishers.

While it might be convenient to keep a fire extinguisher under a kitchen sink, for example, manufacturers recommend you mount extinguishers in their bracket—in a convenient location and in plain sight—3.5 to 5 feet above the ground so they're out of the reach of small children.

You also need to know how to properly use your extinguishers. "When a fire breaks out is not the time to read the instructions on the extinguisher," adds Drengenberg. When you bring the extinguishers home, read the owner's manual to familiarize yourself with their operation and register them with the manufacturer so you're aware of any product updates or recalls.

(We’re currently testing various sizes of rechargeable and nonrechargeable fire extinguishers from brands like First Alert and Kidde for a report scheduled to appear in the May 2010 issue of Consumer Reports, online and on newsstands in early April. Stay tuned for preliminary reports of our findings, including our experience with First Alert’s Tundra, an aerosol spray classified as a firefighting tool as it is not tested to the ANSI/UL711 standards that apply to home-use extinguishers.)

Buy only extinguishers that have been listed or certified by a nationally recognized testing laboratory, such as UL, ETL, CSA, and FM Approvals. You'll notice letters on the extinguishers, which indicate the type(s) of fires they can handle. Class A are designed to put out rubbish, wood, and paper fires; Class B are for oil and grease fires; and Class C are for electrical fires. Class ABC models work on all the fires above.

For the home, Drengenberg recommends Class ABC extinguishers, since you won't necessarily have time to analyze the source of a fire. Our in-house experts recommend that you buy the largest fire extinguishers you can comfortably handle, since they'll give you a longer operating time. To increase your chances of successfully and safely extinguishing a fire, use the PASS—pull, aim, squeeze, sweep—technique and watch this video from the Fire Equipment Manufacturers' Association:

• Pull the pin, hold the extinguisher away from you, and release the locking mechanism.
• Aim low, pointing the extinguisher at the base of the fire.
• Squeeze the lever slowly and evenly.
• Sweep the nozzle from side to side.

"Also, be sure the fire is not between you and the door—you want to leave yourself a way to get out," says Drengenberg, who says you need to be aware of an extinguisher's limits. "Fire extinguishers, especially smaller ones, have a limited amount of extinguishing agent and are meant for fires that are small and contained, such as those in a wastebasket or frying pan. If you're faced with a fire that is spreading rapidly, your job is to get people out and call 911." (If you're faced with a small flare-up in a pan or a pot, turn off the cooking element and cover the flames immediately with the lid, which eliminates a source of oxygen a fire needs.)

Like smoke alarms and carbon-monoxide alarms, which you should replace every 10 years and every five years, respectively, fire extinguishers have a limited service life. Replace home-use nonrechargeable fire extinguishers 12 years after the manufacture date, according to the National Fire Prevention Association. If you're unsure whether your extinguishers are rechargeable, check the owner's manual or the pressure gauge. On most extinguishers, a needle on the pressure gauge will sit in a green-colored part of the dial of if the unit is properly charged and to red-colored areas if it needs to be recharged or is overcharged.

To determine whether extinguishers are properly charged, inspect them every 30 days and as detailed in the owner's manual. If you need to charge rechargeable models, bring it only to a certified fire-equipment-maintenance company.—Gian Trotta | e-mail | Twitter | Forums | Facebook

Essential information: Check out the ratings of smoke alarms and CO alarms including where to place them in your home. If you want to carry a fire extinguisher as part of a roadside-emergency kit, our Cars blog colleagues recommend a 1A10BC or a 2A10BC compact model. Finally, learn how to treat burns and scalds.

Forget the candy. Your post-Halloween treat is an extra hour of sleep

Daylight-saving time ends this Sunday, November 1. Turn back your clocks—and sleep in.

Throughout most of the United States, daylight-saving time (DST) will end at 2 a.m. (your local time) on Sunday, November. 1. If you stayed up to too late on Halloween, you might welcome the extra hour of sleep you'll get after turning back the clock on Saturday night/Sunday morning. (Find out when DST will start and end in 2010 and beyond.)

In this previous entry on daylight-saving time, you'll find a list of smart moves that can enhance safety around your house and save you some money. "Is Daylight-Saving Time Costing Us Money?" provides more details on this seasonal time shift. e-mail | Twitter | Forums | Facebook

Essential information: Be sure to read our latest report on carbon-monoxide and smoke alarms (available to subscribers). And if you're having trouble getting a good night's sleep, read "How Did You Sleep Last Night?" This feature offers expert advice, details on sound machines designed to enhance sleep, an interactive quiz, and much more.

In this previous entry on daylight-saving time, you'll find a list of smart moves that can enhance safety around your house and save you some money. "Is Daylight-Saving Time Costing Us Money?" provides more details on this seasonal time shift. e-mail | Twitter | Forums | Facebook

Essential information: Be sure to read our latest report on carbon-monoxide and smoke alarms (available to subscribers). And if you're having trouble getting a good night's sleep, read "How Did You Sleep Last Night?" This feature offers expert advice, details on sound machines designed to enhance sleep, an interactive quiz, and much more.

Smoke and CO alarms are key safety devices for the home

A recent fire at a home in Ross, Pennsylvania, serves as a reminder that you need reliable smoke and carbon-monoxide alarms properly placed throughout your home.

According to this report in the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, 48-year-old Edward Stefanick remained asleep in his bedroom even as firefighters spent two hours battling a blaze in his home. "You would've thought that, by that time, he would've kind of rose and got himself out of there," Ross Fire Marshal John Reubi told the newspaper.

The layout of the home kept the bedroom largely clear of smoke, though Ross was disoriented when firefighters finally found him and was hospitalized in critical condition with a high carbon-monoxide level.

If you need to replace your existing (or buy new)  smoke and carbon-monoxide alarms, read our latest report on these devices and review our ratings of smoke and CO alarms and exclusive interactive (available to subscribers) to find the best models for your home. The highly rated First Alert OneLink SCO501CN smoke and carbon-monoxide alarm is shown.

Once you've bought your new smoke and carbon-monoxide alarms, be sure to install them in the right places.—Gian Trotta | e-mail | Twitter | Forums | Facebook

Essential information: Learn how to prevent kitchen and dryer fires.

Forum Friday: CFLs light up the discussion boards

Compact fluorescent lightbulbs have long been a popular and controversial subject on our forums. So it was no surprise that after airing an interview with one of our editors about CFLs, National Public Radio reported receiving an unusually large number of e-mails. (To find the best CFLs for your home, read our October 2009 report and check out the ratings of specific models, available to subscribers.)

Among reader concerns about CFLs are short life spans, disappointing light quality, and the potential mercury hazard. Learn how to safely dispose of CFLs.

Join in those discussions and others about on/off cycling shortening bulb life, consumers' experiences with brands, and dimmer switches.—Gian Trotta | e-mail | Twitter | Forums | Facebook

Essential information: To learn about the latest developments in lighting, read our 10 Questions for interview with researcher Nadarajah Narendran, Ph.D., the U.S. Department of Energy's Bright Tomorrow Lighting Prizes competition, or L Prize, and the European Union's ban of incandescent lightbulbs. For more news on energy efficiency, including the cash for clunkers for appliances program, visit our Energy Saving & Green Living guide.

What’s new in Consumer Reports: Home content from the November 2009 issue

Carbon-monoxide and smoke alarms: Daylight-saving time, which ends on November 1 this year, is the traditional date to check and change batteries on carbon-monoxide and fire alarms. If you haven’t replaced your carbon-monoxide alarm in five years or your smoke alarm in a decade, it’s time for a change. We also found that no one device, like a combination smoke-and-carbon-monoxide alarms, we found that can offer complete protection.

Cordless drills and tool kits: Prices are down and performance is up among these household mainstays, always a popular holiday gift. We found an excellent drill for $100 and a capable cordless drill set for $160. Watch this video to see how our tests show performance under real-world stresses.

Best products for the home: Whether you want to give a memorable gift or need to replace an appliances, it’s hard to go wrong by picking one of the many home or garden products that made it into the 398 Top Products special in the November 2009 issue of Consumer Reports. The story covers top-performing dishwashers, vacuums, coffeemakers, slow cookers, sewing machines, and more. (See the video above for more tips on smart appliance-buying.

Home(wreckers) for the holidays: Our experts offer advice and videos instructions for dealing with household spills and other miscues like furniture stains and dripping wax. Videos on removing cranberry, gravy and wine and soda stains and low-cost alternatives to expensive cleaners are also available.

Claim Check—Tide Total Care: We followed up our July 2009 report on laundry detergents by putting Project Runway star Tim Gunn’s TV-ad claims about Tide Total Care’s ability to retain colors to the test.—Gian Trotta | e-mail | Twitter | Forums | Facebook

Essential information: Discuss products you feel are worthy of recognition or reprobation in our revamped appliances and home-and-garden forums.

During Fire Prevention Week 2009, get smart about kitchen fires

Cooking is the leading cause of home fires, and most of these fires occur when someone leaves food cooking unattended. Fire Prevention Week 2009, which runs through Saturday, October 10, is a good time to review cooking safety (watch the video, right) and fire safety in general, as recommended by the National Fire Protection Association, a nonprofit standard-setting organization.

Look for our new report on smoke and carbon-monoxide alarms in the November 2009 issue of Consumer Reports, online and on newsstands later today.

When you're cooking:
• Stay in the kitchen whenever you fry or broil food. When boiling or baking, check the food regularly and set a timer.
• Use back burners if you have young children. Enforce a kids-free-zone of at least 3 feet from the stove. Learn how to childproof your stove.
• Extinguish a small stovetop pan fire by placing a lid on pan and turning off the burner; be sure to wear an oven mitt. Do not pour water on a grease fire or use a fire extinguisher on a pan fire.
• Turn off the oven immediately and keep the oven door closed if there's an oven fire.
    
If you get a burn or scald, treat the area immediately by submerging it in cool water for 3 to 5 minutes, then cover the spot with a clean, dry cloth. Get medical help right away if the burn is bigger than your fist, and keep clothes, jewelry, and any metal off the area. Check out our expert advice on dealing with burns and scalds on ConsumerReportsHealth.org.—Kimberly Janeway | e-mail | Twitter | Forums | Facebook

Essential information: Set up or practice your fire-escape plan.

World Health Organization lowers recommended action level for radon; goal is to reduce lung-cancer risk

Based on recently completed research, the World Health Organization is recommending that homeowners take action to remediate the radon level in their home if it exceeds 100 becquerels (Bq), which corresponds to 2.7 picocuries per liter (pCi/L).That's lower than the 4.0 pCi/L current action level in this country as recommended by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency.

The WHO also says that if this level can't be reached because of country-specific conditions, the action level should not exceed 300 Bq, or about 8 pCi/L. 

The WHO research, based on four years of work by 100 scientists from 30 countries, appears in the "WHO Handbook on Indoor Radon" (PDF).

The EPA has just learned of the WHO's recommendation, according to Tom Kelly, acting director of the EPA's Office of Radiation and Indoor Air. The EPA regularly reexamines its recommendations on radon and will take the WHO's advice into account but is not changing the level now. "The WHO does not say 2.7 is a safe level; there is no safe level. The EPA has said that homeowners should consider mitigation at levels of 2.0 pCi/L," says Kelly. "At levels of 4.0 pCi/L, homeowner should be very concerned. What's most important is that homeowners have their homes tested and that our message on radon is simple, clear, memorable, and actionable."
 
Radon, a radioactive gas, results from the natural decay of uranium that's present in most soils and can enter the home through cracks and holes in the foundation. Radon is a leading cause of lung cancer among nonsmokers. The WHO states that as many as 14 percent of lung-cancer cases in many countries, including the United States, are caused by exposure to radon. Smokers who live in a home with radon face an even higher lung-cancer risk.
 
Detecting radon is relatively simple and fixing the problem isn't difficult. However, as we found in our latest report on radon test kits, some kits underreported radon levels by almost 40 percent, so choosing the right one is crucial. Check out our ratings of radon test kits to find the most accurate, reliable models.

Long-term kits are more accurate because radon levels can vary from day to day. You should place the test kit(s) on the lowest occupied level of your home away from windows or vents.—Celia Kuperszmid Lehrman | e-mail | Twitter | Forums | Facebook

Essential information: Remember, radon levels can vary from one house to another in a neighborhood, so even if all surrounding homes are free of radon, you should have yours tested, especially important if you've done major structural renovations. To find a remediation contractor, contact your state radon office. Remediation will cost $800 to $2,500, depending on the radon-reduction system used and the characteristics of your home.

U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission ventures into social media

If you've seen the Verizon Wireless ad in which a son pleads with his father to "cool it with the Twitter updates," you realize that at least on the high-tech front, there's not much of a generation gap between today's kids and their parents.

So it makes sense that the stodgy federal government has entered the world of social media. The latest agency to try out Web 2.0 is the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, which is now using YouTube (CPSC Chairwoman Inez Tenenbaum is shown), Twitter, and FlickR as ways to raise awareness of safety issues and recalls.

The agency has relied on its Web site, OnSafety blog, and e-mail alerts to spread the word, and ran the "Drive to 1 Million" campaign more than two years ago. Now the CPSC will publish its recall notices, videos, podcasts, and more on the aforementioned social networks. The push began yesterday with a campaign aimed at preventing furniture tip-overs.—Gian Trotta | e-mail | Twitter | Forums | Facebook

Essential information: To stay on top of product recalls and other safety-related topics, read the Consumer Reports Safety blog.

Tip of the Day: Be safe when grilling

Your grill might have served you well so far this summer, but a little bit of servicing now will ensure safe and effective cooking and protect its looks far into the fall and beyond. Here's how:

If your grill has become hard to light or the flame isn't as strong as it could be, check for blockages in the tubes that lead to the burner. Clear obstructions by using a wire or pipe cleaner and pushing debris through to the main part of the burner. Spiders love to build webs and nests in these areas; be sure to check for these, especially if you've just returned from vacation. You'll also want to inspect the hoses for cracks, holes, and sharp bends and replace it if necessary. Then do the following:

• Check the grills for gas leaks by mixing a small amount of dishwashing liquid and water in a spray bottle. Spray the hose and connections, and with the hose connected to the propane tank, open the gas. If bubbles appear, you need to replace your hose or fix a loose connection.

• Have your grill serviced if the burner flames are not blue. A yellow flame indicates clogged air inlets or that burners must be adjusted. 

• Clean the drip pan and remove the grates and burners and clean the firebox; grease and food often collect there.

• Clean both sides of the grates before cooking and after, too. Use a stiff wire brush, or a nylon brush for porcelain-coated, cast-iron grates. (Hint: To keep food from sticking on grates and making them harder to clean, fold two paper towels into a pad and dip in a little bowl of neutral-flavored vegetable oil, like canola oil. After you've preheated the grill and right before you cook, draw the pad across grates using a pair of tongs.)

• Examine the propane tank. Heavy rust, dents, or greenish-orange corrosion means you need a new tank.

If a fire does break out and you can safely turn off the gas, shut it down, the National Fire Protection Association advises. If flames are contained in a grill, close the lid to smother the flames. Douse small flare-ups with a spray of water, a bucket of sand, or the hose or fire extinguisher. If a fire breaks out and moves beyond your grill, call your fire department immediately and keep away from the grill.—Kimberly Janeway | e-mail | Twitter | Forums | Facebook

Essential information: Find out how to avoid the five most common grilling mistakes and watch the video above for more grilling advice.

Q&A: When should I replace a carbon-monoxide alarm?

I've heard that carbon-monoxide alarms fail after seven years. Is that true?

Most carbon-monoxide (CO) alarms are backed by a five- to seven-year warranty, but they typically emit a chirping or signal when they're nearing the end of their useful life. This signal differs from the one that indicates a low battery. If there's a problem with the unit, a model with a digital display will show an error message, and one without a digital display might flash LEDs in a particular pattern.

Remember, the test button on a CO alarm checks only whether the alarm is working, not the sensor. To check the sensor, use a test kit that you can purchase at a local home center.

Essential information: Read our buyer's guide to CO and smoke alarms for more information on these important safety devices, and view a quick interactive to determine which alarms are best for your home. We've also got a report on an intriguing study on the effectiveness of a voice recordings versus more traditional loud tone alarms in awakening children.