November 10, 2009

2009 SEMA Show: Our favorite modified Chevrolet Camaros

SEMA-Leno-Camaro Ford may have been the featured automaker at the SEMA show this year, but this was also, very much, the year of the Camaro. And that’s understandable. While the customizing crowd has had several years now to play around with Ford’s latest reincarnation of the Mustang, first introduced in 2005 and refreshed for 2009, the Camaro is freshly minted. Last year, the Las Vegas Convention Center was chock full of examples of the then new Dodge Challenger. But this year, you could practically walk one end of the million square feet of SEMA to the other stepping only on new Camaros, without ever setting foot on the floor. But we wouldn’t recommend it.

Here’s a quick look at some of the more notable examples we saw.

Lingenfelter LS7 Chevrolet Camaro

For those who live by the motto "Too much is never enough," Lingenfelter Performance Engineering (LPE) has teamed up with Hotchkis Sport Suspension to create this 750-hp Camaro SS. Powered by a supercharged, 7.0-liter Corvette Z06 LS7 V8, the Lingenfelter Camaro also gets Hotchkis springs and anti-sway bars, a custom body kit, upgraded brakes, and various other modifications.

Jay Leno Camaro

Chevrolet showed five Camaro concept vehicles at SEMA, including a twin-turbo, 3.6-liter direct-injection V6 model built for comedian/car collector Jay Leno. With 425-hp on tap, Chevy says Leno’s Camaro delivers the power of a Camaro SS with the fuel economy of a V6. The engine is matched with a six-speed manual transmission. Other modifications include a larger capacity radiator, custom exhaust system, lowered suspension, upgraded brakes, and a body kit with functional brake cooling ducts.

Camaro Synergy

Another Chevrolet concept, the Camaro Synergy features a new color, Synergy Green, that will be offered on a special-edition model in 2010. (Think of it as Chevy’s answer to the Plum Crazy Dodge Challenger.) It also features a variety of accessories offered by Chevrolet dealers including 21-inch custom wheels, a body kit, hood stripes, and a rear spoiler. Other modifications include equipment Chevy says they may offer in the future if there is sufficient public interest, including a lowered suspension, Brembo brakes, and interior trim matching the exterior color.

Yenko Camaro

SEMA-Yenko-CamaroThe son of a Pennsylvania Chevrolet dealer, Don Yenko started modifying Chevys in the 1960s, and he became a legend for transplanting 427 cubic-inch engines into Camaros and other Bowtie-wearing coupes. General Motors Marketing Capital now owns the rights to the Yenko name and brand, and it showed a prototypes of a new Yenko Camaro. Based on a Camaro SS, the Phase 1 Yenko gets a 600-hp, 7.0-liter supercharged LS7 V8 matched with a six-speed manual transmission. Other modifications include upgraded brakes, high-flow exhaust system, and 22-inch Yenko-specific billet aluminum wheels. Cosmetic touches include Yenko striping and badging, and obligatory "sYc" logos on the seats and floor mats. Like the original Yenko cars, plans call for a Phase II and Phase III versions with more power and performance.

For more information on the latest Chevrolet Camaro, see our road test and video.

Jim Travers

November 03, 2009

2009 Annual Auto Reliability Survey: 10 best and worst models

Honda-InsightJust because a model is reliable doesn’t mean it is recommended by Consumer Reports. Four out of the top 10 most reliable vehicles don’t perform well enough in our tests for us to recommend them. The opposite happens as well—some vehicles that score well in our testing are not recommended because they have below average reliability. Seven out of the 10 least reliable vehicles have high enough test scores to be recommended, but their poor reliability prevents them from reaching that recommended status. So, it’s important to look at both performance in our tests as well as reliability because a high scoring car isn’t always a smart purchase choice if it isn’t reliable.

Our 2009 Annual Auto Survey reveals the best and worst vehicles in reliability based on our subscribers’ experiences with 1.4 million vehicles over the past 10 years (2000-2009). Our data helps determine which used cars to choose as well as to forecast how the 2010 models will hold up.

The vehicles listed below are the top 10 most and least reliable new cars in our reliability survey. Models with an asterisk (*) are based on data of one model year only. Click on the vehicles below to visit the model overview pages to see how they performed in our tests and also view a more-detailed look at reliability broken down by 17 potential trouble spots. (Model overview pages are available to online subscribers.)

Most reliable vehicles, listed in order of Ratings score starting with the best score.

  1. Honda Insight*
  2. Lexus SC*
  3. Toyota Venza (4-cyl.)*
  4. Mercedes-Benz GLK*
  5. Toyota Yaris Hatchback
  6. Toyota FJ Cruiser
  7. Honda Fit*
  8. Toyota Prius
  9. Scion xD
  10. Toyota 4Runner (V6)
Least reliable vehicles, listed in order of Ratings score starting with the worst score.
  1. Volkswagen Touareg*
  2. Jaguar XF*
  3. Chevrolet Colorado (4WD)
  4. GMC Canyon (4WD)
  5. Ford F-250 (turbodiesel, 4WD)*
  6. BMW 535i (AWD)*
  7. Chrysler Town & Country
  8. Dodge Grand Caravan
  9. Mercedes-Benz GL-Class (turbodiesel)*
  10. Mercedes-Benz GL-Class (V8)
For more details on our 2009 Annual Auto Survey including the full list of most and least reliable new cars by vehicle type, see our reliability report. Also, check out our guide to car reliability for more details on new and used car reliability, as well as owner satisfaction.

Liza Barth 

October 30, 2009

Camaro driving tip: Skip the drive thru

Camaro-drive-thruMost of us don’t have the foresight or sufficient time to include a trip through the drive-through ATM in our new car test-driving regimen. But after a quick stop at the ATM for coffee money this morning on the way to work, I’m suggesting prospective Chevrolet Camaro buyers might want to give it a try. (Watch our Camaro video review.)
 
For openers, lets talk about windows. The Camaro’s don’t open much. They’re low, like the rest of the car, and don’t provide a lot of room for unfolding an arm. Or reaching the ATM buttons. Or even seeing them.
 
Visibility in general is not a Camaro strong suit, but when you can’t see the ATM you’re sitting next to, it takes a lack of a view to new heights. Or lows. I had to crane my neck just to see where the machine spat out my receipt, let alone reach it. And forget about opening the long, wide door to make things easier. There’s no room for that, either.
 
None of this is likely to be enough to be a deal breaker for anyone considering a new Camaro, nor should it be. Our Camaro SS has plenty of virtues, from it’s strong, smooth, 425-hp V8 to its combination of good handling and decent ride for a musclecar. But if your motoring plans ever include a drive-through ATM or stop for a cheeseburger and bucket-sized beverage, you might want to wait to see if Chevy introduces a convertible model.
 
As for me, I’ll just skip the drive-thru for my coffee. Passing 20 ounces of hot Columbian Supremo through that window is just asking for trouble.
 

Jim Travers

See our full Chevrolet Camaro review and ratings (available to online subscribers.)

October 28, 2009

2009 Annual Auto Reliability Survey: Best and worst models by car maker

2010-Lexus-SC It is easy to assume that certain automakers build only reliable cars and others don’t, however, nearly every manufacturer have their share of winners and losers in our annual reliability survey. Each company and even brand product portfolio runs a spectrum of reliability performance, with its own best and worst examples. For some, the range can span from much better than average to much worse than average, whereas other may be centered around average. The key lesson from scanning the data within an automaker is not to make assumptions.

For example, the best Toyota Motor Company model in our reliability survey is the Lexus SC—its predicted reliability score is the second highest out of over 300 vehicles, but the worst is the Lexus GS (AWD), which scores in the bottom 10 percent, and receives a much worse than average rating, and is not recommended in our testing. While it is true that Lexus models tend to be reliable and test well, this is not the case for all Lexus vehicles.

The greatest disparity comes from Volkswagen. The VW Golf (aka Rabbit) is one of the most reliable small cars you can buy, but the Volkswagen Touareg has the lowest predicted reliability score in our 2009 Annual Auto Survey.

In most cases, the best model for reliability is a recommended model and the worst is not. However, Honda’s top reliable vehicle in our survey, the Honda Insight, is not recommended due to low scores in our testing. The least reliable Honda vehicle is the Acura RL, but it has an average reliability score and is recommended. Honda is one of the more consistent manufacturers and has no model that scored below average in reliability.

The two more reliable General Motors products are from two brands that are leaving the GM umbrella. The Saturn Aura (4-cyl.) is newly recommended this year and the Pontiac Vibe will be phased out in the coming months.

Below are the best and worst models in reliability. Models with an * are based on data of one model year only.

BMW
Best: BMW 328i (RWD)
Worst: BMW 535i (AWD)*

Chrysler
Best: Jeep Patriot
Worst: Chrysler Town & Country/Dodge Grand Caravan

Ford
Best: Ford Fusion/Mercury Milan (4-cyl.)
Worst: Ford F-250 (turbodiesel, 4WD)*

General Motors
Best:
Chevrolet Malibu (V6)
Worst: Chevrolet Colorado/GMC Canyon (4WD)

Honda
Best:
Honda Insight*
Worst: Acura RL

Hyundai/Kia
Best: Hyundai Tucson
Worst: Kia Sedona

Mazda
Best:
Mazda3 sedan
Worst: Mazda CX-7

Mercedes-Benz
Best: Mercedes-Benz GLK*
Worst: Mercedes-Benz GL-Class (turbodiesel)*

Nissan
Best:
Infiniti M35 (RWD)
Worst: Nissan Versa sedan*

Subaru
Best: Subaru Impreza Outback Sport
Worst: Subaru Impreza WRX*

Toyota
Best:
Lexus SC*
Worst: Lexus GS (AWD)

Volkswagen
Best: Volkswagen Golf (Rabbit)
Worst: Volkswagen Touareg*

Volvo
Best: Volvo S40 (FWD)*
Worst: Volvo XC90 (V8)*

The main take away from this information is don’t judge a book by its cover. Avoid assumptions and do your research before you buy your next vehicle. It takes just a few minutes to browse the model overview pages, or use the interactive new car selector tool, which sorts and filters by the parameters that matter most to you.

Either path will reveal Consumer Reports recommended models that did well in our road tests, score average or better in reliability, and performs at least adequately if included in government or insurance industry safety tests.

For more details on our 2009 Annual Auto Survey including the full list of most and least reliable new cars by vehicle type, see our reliability report. Also, check out our guide to car reliability for more details on new and used car reliability as well as owner satisfaction.

Liza Barth 

October 16, 2009

Trash into gas: Coskata launches demonstration scale cellulosic ethanol biorefinery

TrashtoGas_Final The greatest promise for biofuels is to produce a combustible liquid fuel from any kind of waste material. That’s what Coskata, a startup company with investment capital from General Motors,  claims it can do with new, patented technology. (Read "GM invests in cellulosic ethanol.")
 
Yesterday, the company said it got one step closer to that goal with the launch of a demonstration plant in Madison, PA. 

Coskata claims it can convert any type of waste material containing carbon into syngas, by heating it to 8,000 degrees Fahrenheit. (Syngas is a gaseous combination of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and sometimes carbon dioxide with less than half the energy density of natural gas.) Patented microorganisms then convert the syngas into ethanol, in a process that saves a step compared to other methods of producing ethanol from cellulose, or woody plant fibers.
 
The company has not revealed the plant capacity, but demonstration plants of this sort are usually built to produce about 10 million gallons of ethanol a year. A 100-million gallon plant is generally considered optimum for a profitable commercial plant.
 
So far, Coskata’s demonstration plant is running on wood chips, but the company says its process could work on any type of feedstock from corn stover to municipal garbage.
 
Whether it makes sense to use ethanol as an alternative fuel is a hotly debated topic. Consumer Reports tested a Chevrolet Tahoe flex-fuel vehicle running on E85 and gasoline, and found that its fuel economy dropped 27 percent, from a poor 14 mpg overall on gasoline to a dismal 10 mpg on ethanol. Even though a gallon of E85 ethanol costs less on average than gasoline ($2.13 nationwide average this summer, vs $2.44), it would cost a consumer more than $450 a year extra to fuel the Tahoe with E85 instead of gasoline due to the fuel economy differences. Most flex-fuel vehicles on the market today are large trucks and SUVs such as the Tahoe, incentivized by a federal fuel economy credit applicable to corporate fleet averages (CAFE) regardless whether the vehicles are actually operated with E85.
 
Ethanol supporters make the case that crops grown to produce ethanol absorb carbon-dioxide from the atmosphere, which would help slow global warming.
 
The U.S. government supports ethanol as a short-term substitute for petroleum consumption to wean the country off its dependence on foreign oil. Ethanol supporters hope that using waste materials instead of corn will eventually bring prices down and remove concerns about producing fuel from potential food stocks. However, converting trash or wood chips into ethanol would emit more carbon dioxide than refining gasoline, and it would not offset this increase by growing new crops.
 
In the final analysis, switching to any type of alternative fuel to reduce American demand for oil is likely cost consumers more.

Eric Evarts

Learn about driving green in the Consumer Reports special fuel economy section.

October 07, 2009

2011 Chevrolet Caprice - Pontiac G8 lives on as police car

2011-Chevrolet-Caprice-PoliceFans of the Pontiac G8 will be relieved to hear that the recently cancelled high-performance sedan will live on, although perhaps not in the guise they might have wished for. They may soon find themselves being pulled over by one if they don’t behave themselves.

General Motors chose the recent annual convention of the International Association of Chiefs of Police to announce that a longer-wheelbase version of the G8 will be badged as a Chevrolet Caprice and made available to law enforcement agencies in North America. The plan is to begin taking orders next year, which could result in a police Caprice lurking at a radar trap near you by early 2011.
 
Like the G8, the police-only Caprice Police Patrol Vehicle (PPV) will be available with either six-cylinder or V8 power. Unlike the G8, it will be fitted with typical law-enforcement upgrades like high-output alternator, engine and transmission coolers, a second battery to help power police lights and electronics, and a heavy-duty suspension.
 
Built by GM’s Australian subsidiary Holden, the G8 sedan first arrived in the U.S. as a 2009 model. While never a strong seller, the rear-wheel drive G8 offered performance rivaling that of some expensive imported sedans for a fraction of the cost. Consumer Reports was one of many media outlets to praise the G8 as something of a performance bargain. (See our Pontiac G8 road test, available to online subscribers.) But GM pulled the plug on the G8, along with the rest of the Pontiac line when the carmaker reorganized following bankruptcy.
 
Turning the Pontiac G8 into a Chevrolet is made easier by the fact that the Holden is already sold in the Middle East as a Chevy, so necessary trim, fascias and the like are readily available. Adding to its appeal to law enforcement, General Motors says the long-wheelbase Caprice PPV will have more rear-seat leg room than a Ford Crown Victoria, long the police car of choice in North America.
 
The General has good reason to challenge the Crown Vic’s lock on the market: a company press release says police forces buy some 70,000 units every year.

Enthusiasts mourning the G8’s passing need only wait a few years until the first PPVs are ready for retirement to get their hands on one. Either that, or sign up for the Academy.

Related:
Don’t let the Pontiac G8 wither and die
Pontiac–The excitement has faded from the line up
Personal picks: Pontiacs, modern and classic

Jim Travers

September 22, 2009

Video: Director’s cut - 2009 Chevrolet Malibu vs 1959 Bel Air crash test

The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) commemorated its 50th anniversary and impact on automotive safety with car-nage. Highlighting the progress made in occupant production over the past five decades, IIHS faced off a 2009 Chevrolet Malibu against a 1959 Chevrolet Bel Air in a frontal offset crash test. While this battle of the ages has made the YouTube rounds, and even appeared in the Consumer Reports Cars blog, we are revisiting the classic versus modern clash in a special “director’s cut.”
 
This video expands on the original footage with more angles, and we added a voice-over commentary highlighting the performance of the sedans.
 
If this whets your appetite for crumpled sheetmetal, view more than 300 crash tests performed by the IIHS in our crash test video player. To aid with vehicle research, you’ll also find crash tests within our model overview pages, within the Photos/Videos tab.

Learn more about the IIHS 50th anniversary.

Jeff Bartlett

September 14, 2009

General Motors launches 60-day satisfaction guarantee

The-new-gm General Motors is battling an image problem. As seen in the results from our recent nationwide Auto Pulse Survey, new car buyers are less likely to consider a GM product now than a year ago, with the chief reasons being the company’s economic condition (58 percent) and unappealing product offerings (49 percent). GM hopes to change perceptions with its “May the best car win” marketing effort that provides a 60-day satisfaction guarantee on 2009 and 2010 model-year vehicles from Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, and GMC. (Read: "Survey: Car buyers look to buy American, sound off on concerns.")
 
Starting today and running through November 30th at participating dealers, the program allows consumers to return a purchased vehicle for a full purchase-price refund, including sales tax, between the 31st and 60th days. GM expects that over the initial 30 days, most customers will be satisfied and hold on to their purchase. Those customers who are confident in their vehicle choice could elect to not participate in the program and receive a $500 cash incentive instead.
 
GM ran a similar program before in the 1990s with both Saturn and Vauxhall, its British division. The corporation expects just 2-3 percent of the vehicles will be returned. Those that do make their way back to dealership lots will become the epitome of nearly-new used cars.
 
May the best car win
GM is looking to make a bold statement, though this one may be over reaching. Consumer Reports recommends just eight Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, and GMC products out of 45. (See our list of recommended cars.) While the most recent GM vehicles have generally performed well in our tests, and several we haven’t completed testing show promise, not one tops its class for overall test score. However, the Chevrolet Avalanche was named a 2009 Top Pick, edging out the higher-scoring Honda Ridgeline, for its combination of comfort, versatility, and rugged capability.
 
In many cases, the new GM vehicles may be decidedly better than the older model being traded-in, offering more performance, fuel economy, and safety features. However, the only way to truly know if they are best for you is to do your research, including conducting your own test drives in prime competitors. Worst case, the time spent will reaffirm your decision. (Read: "What’s coming from the new Detroit.")
  
The small print
There doesn’t seem to be a real “gotcha” with this program, though there are some details worth reading before visiting the dealer. A few items to note:
 
  • The program applies only to retail customers, not to business, corporate, or fleet sales.
  • Lease vehicles are not eligible.
  • To be eligible for return, the vehicle must have less than 4,000 mile and less than $200 in damage.
  • The first payment must be made.
  • The vehicle must not have been in an accident.
  • The title, insurance, and registrations costs will not be reimbursed.
  • The original trade-in will not be returned.
Bottom line
Despite the name, the 60-day satisfaction guarantee program looks to give consumers added incentive to buy a GM vehicle. With our recent Auto Pulse Survey showing that 81 percent of new car shoppers looking to “buy American,” this program may lure more customers away from Chrysler and Ford dealerships.
 
But as always, do your research. ConsumerReports.org has a quick-and-easy new car selector that allows online subscribers to quickly sort and filter ratings and data to identify the cars that best meet your needs and budget. We also have eight special areas dedicated to each car type, such as sedans and SUVs, with targeted buying advice and vehicle recommendations.

And finally, as with any incentive plan, don’t let the excitement overshadow the need to negotiate a good purchase price as close to the Bottom Line Price as possible, accounting for dealer holdback, customer rebates, and hidden dealer incentives.

BTW: I wonder how many Corvettes will be driven for a thrilling month, then returned...

Jeff Bartlett

September 10, 2009

Personal Picks: Sporty and muscle cars, part 1

In our October 2009 issue sporty car round up, the modern Detroit muscle cars are the stars. The latest Ford Mustang GT faces off against the reborn Chevrolet Camaro and Dodge Challenger. The glory days of classic muscle cars may have come and gone, though these modern interpretations of performance legends provide a compelling argument that these are the best of performance times.
 
These reborn automotive icons have each staged their own form of a comeback. The Mustang arguably made its triumphant return with the 2005 redesign, and the latest evolution has improved the breed. The Camaro and Challenger have emerged with retro-inspired style and decidedly modern performance, reminiscent of classic comebacks like Tina Turner, 1980 U.S. Olympic hockey team, and George Foreman. (Well, he sells lots of grills…).
 
Of course, many younger automotive enthusiasts were not weened on pony cars, but rather import performance cars. For that set, we also have tested the Nissan 370Z, Subaru WRX, and Hyundai Genesis Coupe in our most recent test group. Clearly, there’s probably something for near-every car enthusiast.
 
But when it comes to which of these cars bend our heartstrings, the votes certainly aren’t unanimous, as some prefer agility over brute muscle. Here are our initial picks for this most-entertaining group, with other installments to be posted over the next few days.
 
Gabe Shenhar: If we’re talking exclusively muscle cars we tested for this issue, my pick is definitely the Mustang. Although fundamentally less sophisticated than the new Camaro, it hides it well and ultimately proves to be the more enjoyable driver’s car. To boot, it’s also the more livable everyday car.
 
However, none of these cars are exactly my cup of tea.
 
The Mazda RX-8 is. This forgotten car is incredibly rewarding to drive, with its smooth-revving rotary engine, slick shifter and lithe handling. It’s also practical, at least as coupes go, with its well-hidden rear-hinged doors and semi-habitable rear seat. Although dating back to 2003, to me, it still looks great.
 
Another appealing alternative would be a used BMW 3 Series coupe. A 2007 328i, with a manual transmission and Sports Package, can be had for about $28,000. With its punchy straight-six, terrific steering and perfect body control, not only is it spectacular to drive, it also looks gorgeous -- which is partly why you’d choose a coupe, anyway.

 
Rick Small: I grew up in the muscle car era and have always had a place in my heart for these cars. Through the years, though, they became dated and fell out of style to the point that Chevrolet and Dodge discontinued theirs. I think the revised and retro Mustang of a couple of years ago (re)created the market segment, just as it did back in 1964. Its success once again sent Chevy and Dodge back to the drawing board to come up with some competition. And now we have a new Camaro and Challenger.
 
Of this group I find that the Mustang is the best for me. The 315-hp, 4.6-liter V8 delivers strong acceleration. The Mustang also has agile handling and the exhaust sound is always very pleasing. This engine, with the slick-shifting five-speed manual transmission, delivers a nice combination of power and economy: Expect 20 mpg overall in mixed driving on regular fuel. The driving position also fits my tall frame well and access and vision are better than the others. It’s very easy to live with as a daily driver.
 
The Camaro and Challenger are also good looking but overall are not as rewarding to drive. The Camaro is very fast but the interior feels claustrophobic and is hard to see out. The shifter, ride and economy also all fall short of the Mustang’s. The Challenger is a nice highway cruiser but handling is on the clumsy side.
 
One surprise: The Hyundai Genesis coupe deserves a look also. It delivers V8-like performance with its 306-hp, 3.8-liter V6. This powertrain even gets a commendable 23 mpg overall on regular fuel. It has crisp handling, nice interior…and Hyundai is building very reliable cars these days. The rear seat is almost useless, though, with little leg room and even less head room. The six-speed manual transmission and clutch were hard to shift smoothly especially going from first to second gear. We’re told that later models have refined engine mapping to correct this. Still, this car was the sleeper in the group.

September 09, 2009

Project Driveway update: 1 million miles on hydrogen fuel-cell-powered Chevrolet Equinoxes

Chevy-Equinox-Fuel-Cell-refuel It’s been about two years since General Motors rolled out its Project Driveway program, which puts ordinary citizens behind the wheel of a hydrogen fuel-cell-powered Chevrolet Equinox for a couple of months. This week, the 116 cars in the program rolled past a combined total of over 1 million miles.
 
Intended to raise public awareness, dispel fears about hydrogen as a motor fuel, and provide some real-world testing, the program has about 80,000 people signed up so far. Of those, 65 have gotten a chance to be the first on their block with a hydrogen-powered Equinox; some vehicles have racked up 25,000 miles.
 
So what has Chevy learned? According to Chris Colquitt, GM’s Driver Relationship Manager for Fuel Cell Activities, response to the program has been overwhelmingly positive. The biggest mechanical problem they’ve had with the vehicles has been with simple sensors for things like temperature and fuel pressure, which he says initially proved difficult to find in automotive-grade quality. But GM has been working with suppliers to develop more robust units.
 
Another issue was that some of the first cars required 20-30 seconds to start up in below zero temperatures, but Colquitt says GM engineers have reduced that to two to three seconds in all but the coldest weather. GM has seen no problems with hot weather conditions. Beyond that, the vehicles have proven reliable and people reportedly find them easy to live with.
 
Our own experience driving early examples almost two years ago was much the same. The vehicles seemed free of quirks and seemingly ready for prime time. The driving experience is quiet and smooth, about what you would expect from an electric car, which is what fuel-cell vehicles are.
 
The fuel cell powertrains have 60 percent fewer parts, and 90 percent fewer moving parts than a gasoline engine, so it’s not too surprising that Coquitt reports no major driveline issues with the hydrogen powertrain. The fuel-cell Equinox uses a 93 kw hydrogen fuel cell and 300-volt nickel-metal hydride battery.  

The obstacles that remain are the lack of a hydrogen delivery and refueling infrastructure, and the cost of the batteries and related technology for the cars. Both are substantial obstacles. Today the National Hydrogen Association lists 64 hydrogen fueling stations in operation in the U.S. Only three of those are capable of giving today’s hydrogen cars like the fuel-cell Equinoxes a full tank. The government estimates it would take about 12,000 stations to supply the whole U.S., with urban stations every three miles, and stations spaced within 25 miles along interstates. It has set 2018 as a goal to develop that refueling network, though development funding is currently suspended. And even if the stations were built, it’s unclear where much of the hydrogen will come from. There is enough extra hydrogen produced today to power 1 million vehicles, but industrial demand for the gas is also growing.  

The 116 vehicles in the Project Driveway program are part of GM’s fourth-generation of hydrogen models. Colquitt says between generations three and four, cost dropped by 50 percent from roughly 100 times the cost of a traditional internal combustion powertrain, or about $1 million. He expects the cost for the next generation sould be about 10 times more than a gas engine, which would be about $100,000. That’s still a lot of money.
 
GM and other automakers have said previously that two primary factors will drive costs down to an affordable level:
  1. Materials science, using nano technology to reduce the amount of platinum needed for the fuel cells. One major factor in that will be increasing the capacity of buffer batteries to smooth out the power demand from the fuel cell. Bigger batteries will add some cost too.

  2. Mass production. To that end, Colquitt says General Motors is “Fully committed to making this technology a reality”, and that the company expects to have vehicles ready for customer sale or lease by 2015. He adds that investing in fuel cell technology carries the highest risk, but that the technology offers the highest returns among alternative fuel technologies, compared to plug-in electric vehicles and biofuels.
We’ve driven most of the fuel cell cars automakers are developing. And from our perspective, it looks like the cars will likely be ready by then. Whether the world will also have the fuel remains to be seen. Electric companies have been lining up to provide power for battery electric cars. But there hasn’t been a similar commitment by fuel companies to produce hydrogen for fuel-cell cars.  
 
Jim Travers and Eric Evarts

For more information on future automotive fuels, see our alternative fuels resource center.

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